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The Black Sash was founded on 19 May 1955 by six middle-class white women, Jean Sinclair, Ruth Foley, Elizabeth McLaren, Tertia Pybus, Jean Bosazza and Helen Newton-Thompson. [1] The organisation was founded as the Women’s Defence of the Constitution League but was eventually shortened by the press as the Black Sash due to the women's habit ...
The Dictionary of African Biography is a six-volume biographical dictionary, published by Oxford University Press. [1] Published in 2012, the editors-in-chief are Emmanuel K. Akyeampong and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., both of the W. E. B. Du Bois Institute of Harvard University. The print version of the dictionary has 2,100 entries covering the ...
Kaffir (/ ˈ k æ f ər /), also spelled Cafri, is an exonym and an ethnic slur – the use of it in reference to black people being particularly common in South Africa.In Arabic, the word kāfir ("unbeliever") was originally applied to non-Muslims before becoming predominantly focused on pagan zanj (black African) who were increasingly used as slaves.
The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) was a British organisation that was at the centre of the international movement opposing the South African apartheid system and supporting South Africa's non-white population who were oppressed by the policies of apartheid.
Even with the various definitions, Ubuntu encompasses the interdependence of humans on another and the acknowledgment of one's responsibility to their fellow humans and the world around them. It is a philosophy that supports collectivism over individualism. Ubuntu asserts that society gives human beings their humanity.
Oxford English Dictionary (OED) Oxford University Press: 1895 2nd (20 vols., ISBN 0-19-861186-2) 1989 21,730 291,500 British: IPA: Random House Webster's: Random House: 1966 2nd (rev., ISBN 978-0375425998) 2002 2,256 315,000 American: Diacritical: Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (SOED) Oxford University Press: 1933 6th (2 vol., ISBN ...
Occupation (s) anti-apartheid activist, political activist, civil rights campaigner and politician. Known for. Black Sash. Political party. Progressive Federal Party. Relatives. Judy Chalmers (sister) Molly Bellhouse Blackburn OLS (12 November 1930 – 28 December 1985) was a South African anti-apartheid activist, political activist, civil ...
ECC stickers. The End Conscription Campaign was an anti- apartheid organisation allied to the United Democratic Front and composed of conscientious objectors and their supporters in South Africa. It was formed in 1983 to oppose the conscription of all white South African men into military service in the South African Defence Force .