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In physics and engineering, a free body diagram ( FBD; also called a force diagram) [1] is a graphical illustration used to visualize the applied forces, moments, and resulting reactions on a body in a given condition. It depicts a body or connected bodies with all the applied forces and moments, and reactions, which act on the body (ies).
RC time constant. The RC time constant, denoted τ (lowercase tau ), the time constant (in seconds) of a resistor–capacitor circuit (RC circuit), is equal to the product of the circuit resistance (in ohms) and the circuit capacitance (in farads ): It is the time required to charge the capacitor, through the resistor, from an initial charge ...
Left-hand traffic ( LHT) and right-hand traffic ( RHT) are the practices, in bidirectional traffic, of keeping to the left side and to the right side of the road, respectively. They are fundamental to traffic flow, and are sometimes called the rule of the road. [1] The terms right- and left-hand drive refer to the position of the driver and the ...
Beyond the Standard Model. In particle physics, CP violation is a violation of CP-symmetry (or charge conjugation parity symmetry ): the combination of C-symmetry ( charge conjugation symmetry) and P-symmetry ( parity symmetry). CP-symmetry states that the laws of physics should be the same if a particle is interchanged with its antiparticle (C ...
A spacetime diagram is a graphical illustration of locations in space at various times, especially in the special theory of relativity. Spacetime diagrams can show the geometry underlying phenomena like time dilation and length contraction without mathematical equations. The history of an object's location through time traces out a line or ...
Band diagram for semiconductor heterojunction at equilibrium. In solid-state physics of semiconductors, a band diagram is a diagram plotting various key electron energy levels ( Fermi level and nearby energy band edges) as a function of some spatial dimension, which is often denoted x. [1] These diagrams help to explain the operation of many ...
A p–n junction is a combination of two types of semiconductor materials, p-type and n-type, in a single crystal. The "n" (negative) side contains freely-moving electrons, while the "p" (positive) side contains freely-moving electron holes. Connecting the two materials causes creation of a depletion region near the boundary, as the free ...
This is called the charge density continuity equation + = The term on the left is the rate of change of the charge density ρ at a point. The term on the right is the divergence of the current density J at the same point. The equation equates these two factors, which says that the only way for the charge density at a point to change is for a ...