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Negative refraction. Negative refraction is the electromagnetic phenomenon where light rays become refracted at an interface that is opposite to their more commonly observed positive refractive properties. Negative refraction can be obtained by using a metamaterial which has been designed to achieve a negative value for (electric) permittivity ...
Snell's law (also known as the Snell–Descartes law, the ibn-Sahl law, [1] and the law of refraction) is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water, glass, or air.
A negative-index metamaterial causes light to refract, or bend, differently than in more common positive-index materials such as glass lenses. Negative-index metamaterial or negative-index material ( NIM) is a metamaterial whose refractive index for an electromagnetic wave has a negative value over some frequency range. [1]
Refraction. A ray of light being refracted in a plastic block. In physics, refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. The redirection can be caused by the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium. [1] Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but other waves such as sound ...
In a birefringent material, a wave consists of two polarization components which generally are governed by different effective refractive indices. The so-called slow ray is the component for which the material has the higher effective refractive index (slower phase velocity), while the fast ray is the one with a lower effective refractive index.
In optics, the refractive index (or refraction index) of an optical medium is a dimensionless number that gives the indication of the light bending ability of that medium. Refraction of a light ray. The refractive index determines how much the path of light is bent, or refracted, when entering a material. This is described by Snell's law of ...
Indeed, a negative refractive index for circularly polarized waves can also arise from chirality. [34] [35] Metamaterials with negative n have numerous interesting properties: [4] [36] Snell's law ( n 1 sin θ 1 = n 2 sin θ 2 ) still describes refraction, but as n 2 is negative, incident and refracted rays are on the same side of the surface ...
The Doppler effect (also Doppler shift) is the change in the frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the source of the wave. [1] [2] [3] The Doppler effect is named after the physicist Christian Doppler, who described the phenomenon in 1842. A common example of Doppler shift is the change of pitch heard when a ...