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The Black Sash was founded on 19 May 1955 by six middle-class white women, Jean Sinclair, Ruth Foley, Elizabeth McLaren, Tertia Pybus, Jean Bosazza and Helen Newton-Thompson. [1] The organisation was founded as the Women’s Defence of the Constitution League but was eventually shortened by the press as the Black Sash due to the women's habit ...
Sheena Duncan (7 December 1932 – 4 May 2010) was a South African anti-Apartheid activist and counselor. Duncan was the daughter of Jean Sinclair, one of the co-founders of the Black Sash, a group of white, middle-class South African women who offered support to black South Africans and advocated the non-violent abolishment of the Apartheid system.
Helen Beatrice Joseph OMSG ( née Fennell) (8 April 1905 – 25 December 1992) was a South African anti- apartheid activist. [1] Born in Sussex, England, Helen graduated with a degree in English from the University of London in 1927 and then departed for India, where she taught for three years at Mahbubia School for girls in Hyderabad. In about ...
Biological organisation is the organisation of complex biological structures and systems that define life using a reductionistic approach. [1] The traditional hierarchy, as detailed below, extends from atoms to biospheres. The higher levels of this scheme are often referred to as an ecological organisation concept, or as the field, hierarchical ...
Occupation (s) anti-apartheid activist, political activist, civil rights campaigner and politician. Known for. Black Sash. Political party. Progressive Federal Party. Relatives. Judy Chalmers (sister) Molly Bellhouse Blackburn OLS (12 November 1930 – 28 December 1985) was a South African anti-apartheid activist, political activist, civil ...
t. e. Internal resistance to apartheid in South Africa originated from several independent sectors of South African society and took forms ranging from social movements and passive resistance to guerrilla warfare. Mass action against the ruling National Party (NP) government, coupled with South Africa's growing international isolation and ...
Robb was born in Plymouth on 25 December 1913. [2] Robb most often went by her middle name, Noël. [3] She graduated from Bedford College in 1935 or 1936 and after college, got a job working in Cape Town at St. Cyprians School. [2] [3] She worked at St. Cyprians School for four years. [3] She married Francis Charles Robb in December 1939 and he ...
Ruth Hayman (1913 - 1981) was a lawyer and anti- apartheid campaigner. She was one of the first women in South Africa to qualify as an attorney. Through the Black Sash organisation, Hayman offered free legal advice to many people, usually women, who had approached the Black Sash Advice Centre in Johannesburg, and often appeared herself in court ...