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Japan was the first coal importer in 2010, with 187 Mt (20% of total world coal import), and the first natural gas importer with 99 bcm (12.1% of world total gas import). The seabed of Japan has major mineral resources.
Japan is an archipelagic country comprising a stratovolcanic archipelago over 3,000 km (1,900 mi) along the Pacific coast of East Asia. [8] It consists of 14,125 islands. [9] [10] The four main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku. The other 14,120 islands are classified as "remote islands" by the Japanese government.
Electricity pylons in Japan. Japan is a major consumer of energy, ranking fifth in the world by primary energy use. Fossil fuels accounted for 88% of Japan's primary energy in 2019. [1] [2] Japan imports most of its energy due to scarce domestic resources. As of 2022, the country imports 97% of its oil and is the larger LNG importer globally.
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing ( Japanese: 農林水産, nōrinsuisan) form the primary sector of industry of the Japanese economy together with the Japanese mining industry, but together they account for only 1.3% of gross national product. Only 20% of Japan's land is suitable for cultivation, and the agricultural economy is highly subsidized.
The economy of Japan is a highly developed/advanced mixed economy, often referred to as an East Asian model. [24] It is the fourth-largest economy in the world by nominal GDP behind the United States, China, and Germany, and the fourth-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP) as well, after India instead of Germany. [25]
The oil crisis in 1973 also encouraged the efficient use of energy because of Japan's lack of natural resources. [107] Japan ranks 20th in the 2018 Environmental Performance Index, which measures a country's commitment to environmental sustainability. [108] Japan is the world's fifth-largest emitter of carbon dioxide. [97]
The Tokugawa Japan during a long period of “closed country” autarky between the mid-seventeenth century and the 1850s had achieved a high level of urbanization; well-developed road networks; the channeling of river water flow with embankments and the extensive elaboration of irrigation ditches that supported and encouraged the refinement of rice cultivation based upon improving seed ...
While Japan is not a water-stressed country per se, water availability varies substantially between years, seasons and regions leading to regular and serious water shortages. On average over the period 1971–2000, water resources in Japan stood at 420 km3 per year. At 3,300m3 per capita and is below the global average.