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A graph of the A-, B-, C- and D-weightings across the frequency range 10 Hz – 20 kHz Video illustrating A-weighting by analyzing a sine sweep (contains audio). A-weighting is a form of frequency weighting and the most commonly used of a family of curves defined in the International standard IEC 61672:2003 and various national standards relating to the measurement of sound pressure level.
A sound level meter (also called sound pressure level meter ( SPL )) is used for acoustic measurements. It is commonly a hand-held instrument with a microphone. The best type of microphone for sound level meters is the condenser microphone, which combines precision with stability and reliability. [ 1] The diaphragm of the microphone responds to ...
Earplug. An earplug is a device that is inserted in the ear canal to protect the user's ears from loud noises, intrusion of water, foreign bodies, dust or excessive wind. Since they reduce the sound volume, earplugs may prevent hearing loss and tinnitus (ringing of the ears), in some cases.
c.m. cras mane: tomorrow morning c.m.s. cras mane sumendus: to be taken tomorrow morning c̄, c. cum: with (usually written with a bar on top of the c) cib. cibus: food c.c. cum cibo: with food [or] cubic centimetre: mistaken for U, meaning units; also has an ambiguous meaning; use "mL" or "millilitres" (1 cm 3 = 1 mL) cf. confer compare c.n ...
Permissible exposure limit. The permissible exposure limit ( PEL or OSHA PEL) is a legal limit in the United States for exposure of an employee to a chemical substance or physical agent such as high level noise. Permissible exposure limits were established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
Abbreviations are used very frequently in medicine. They boost efficiency as long as they are used intelligently. The advantages of brevity should be weighed against the possibilities of obfuscation (making the communication harder for others to understand) and ambiguity (having more than one possible interpretation).
The main discussion of these abbreviations in the context of drug prescriptions and other medical prescriptions is at List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions. Some of these abbreviations are best not used, as marked and explained here.
coronary artery graft surgery. cAMP. cyclic adenosine monophosphate. CAH. chronic active hepatitis. congenital adrenal hyperplasia. CAKUT. congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract, see bladder outlet obstruction. CALLA.