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This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
In ecology, the term productivity refers to the rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem, usually expressed in units of mass per volume (unit surface) per unit of time, such as grams per square metre per day (g m −2 d −1 ). The unit of mass can relate to dry matter or to the mass of generated carbon. The productivity of autotrophs ...
Biology. An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction. [2] : 458 The biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Ecosystems are controlled by external and internal factors.
Gross primary production (GPP) is the amount of chemical energy, typically expressed as carbon biomass, that primary producers create in a given length of time. Some fraction of this fixed energy is used by primary producers for cellular respiration and maintenance of existing tissues (i.e., "growth respiration" and " maintenance respiration ").
v. t. e. Anatomy (from Ancient Greek ἀνατομή (anatomḗ) ' dissection ') is the branch of morphology concerned with the study of the internal structure of organisms and their parts. [ 1 ] Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in ...
Gross anatomy. Gross anatomy is the study of anatomy at the visible or macroscopic level. [ 1][ 2] The counterpart to gross anatomy is the field of histology, which studies microscopic anatomy. [ 1][ 2] Gross anatomy of the human body or other animals seeks to understand the relationship between components of an organism in order to gain a ...
In biology, taxonomy (from Ancient Greek τάξις ( taxis) 'arrangement' and -νομία ( -nomia) ' method ') is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic ...
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. [ 1][ 2][ 3] It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically.