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Johnson–Nyquist noise ( thermal noise, Johnson noise, or Nyquist noise) is the electronic noise generated by the thermal agitation of the charge carriers (usually the electrons) inside an electrical conductor at equilibrium, which happens regardless of any applied voltage. Thermal noise is present in all electrical circuits, and in sensitive ...
The triboelectric effect (also known as triboelectricity, triboelectric charging, triboelectrification, or tribocharging) describes electric charge transfer between two objects when they contact or slide against each other. It can occur with different materials, such as the sole of a shoe on a carpet, or between two pieces of the same material.
Shot noise or Poisson noise is a type of noise which can be modeled by a Poisson process. In electronics shot noise originates from the discrete nature of electric charge . Shot noise also occurs in photon counting in optical devices, where shot noise is associated with the particle nature of light.
A radio atmospheric signal or sferic (sometimes also spelled "spheric") is a broadband electromagnetic impulse that occurs as a result of natural atmospheric lightning discharges. Sferics may propagate from their lightning source without major attenuation in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide, and can be received thousands of kilometres from ...
In electronics, noise is an unwanted disturbance in an electrical signal. [1] : 5. Noise generated by electronic devices varies greatly as it is produced by several different effects. In particular, noise is inherent in physics and central to thermodynamics. Any conductor with electrical resistance will generate thermal noise inherently.
The noise factor (a linear term) is more often expressed as the noise figure (in decibels) using the conversion: = The noise figure can also be seen as the decrease in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) caused by passing a signal through a system if the original signal had a noise temperature of 290 K. This is a common way of expressing the noise ...
Charge sharing in digital electronics. In digital electronics, charge sharing is an undesirable signal integrity phenomenon observed most commonly in the Domino logic family of digital circuits. The charge sharing problem occurs when the charge which is stored at the output node in the precharge phase is shared among the output or junction ...
The Fano noise applies as well to other processes in which an energy is converted to an electric charge - solid state detectors of charged particles and gamma radiation, and even semiconductor light detectors like image sensors. E.g. it is a limiting factor in the noise characteristics of CCDs and CMOS image sensors. The Fano factor achievable ...