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The mass-to-charge ratio ( m / Q) is a physical quantity relating the mass (quantity of matter) and the electric charge of a given particle, expressed in units of kilograms per coulomb (kg/C). It is most widely used in the electrodynamics of charged particles, e.g. in electron optics and ion optics .
The 1984 United States presidential election was the 50th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 6, 1984.Incumbent Republican President Ronald Reagan and his running mate, incumbent Vice President George H. W. Bush, were re-elected to a second term in a landslide.
Negative refraction. Negative refraction is the electromagnetic phenomenon where light rays become refracted at an interface that is opposite to their more commonly observed positive refractive properties. Negative refraction can be obtained by using a metamaterial which has been designed to achieve a negative value for (electric) permittivity ...
Moseley's law. Moseley's law is an empirical law concerning the characteristic X-rays emitted by atoms. The law had been discovered and published by the English physicist Henry Moseley in 1913ā1914. [1] [2] Until Moseley's work, "atomic number" was merely an element's place in the periodic table and was not known to be associated with any ...
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A shaped charge is an explosive charge shaped to focus the effect of the explosive's energy. Different types of shaped charges are used for various purposes such as cutting and forming metal, initiating nuclear weapons, penetrating armor, or perforating wells in the oil and gas industry . A typical modern shaped charge, with a metal liner on ...
Atmospheric electricity describes the electrical charges in the Earth's atmosphere (or that of another planet ). The movement of charge between the Earth's surface, the atmosphere, and the ionosphere is known as the global atmospheric electrical circuit. Atmospheric electricity is an interdisciplinary topic with a long history, involving ...
A surface charge is an electric charge present on a two-dimensional surface. These electric charges are constrained on this 2-D surface, and surface charge density, measured in coulombs per square meter (Cā¢m ā2 ), is used to describe the charge distribution on the surface. The electric potential is continuous across a surface charge and the ...