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  2. Wheel and axle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_and_axle

    The wheel and axle is a simple machine consisting of a wheel attached to a smaller axle so that these two parts rotate together in which a force is transferred from one to the other. The wheel and axle can be viewed as a version of the Lever, with a drive force applied tangentially to the perimeter of the wheel, and a load force applied to the ...

  3. Rolling resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_resistance

    Figure 1 Hard wheel rolling on and deforming a soft surface, resulting in the reaction force R from the surface having a component that opposes the motion. (W is some vertical load on the axle, F is some towing force applied to the axle, r is the wheel radius, and both friction with the ground and friction at the axle are assumed to be negligible and so are not shown.

  4. Fourth power law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_power_law

    Fourth power law. The fourth power law (also known as the fourth power rule) states that the greater the axle load of a vehicle, the stress on the road caused by the motor vehicle increases in proportion to the fourth power of the axle load. This law was discovered in the course of a series of scientific experiments in the United States in the ...

  5. Axle load - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axle_load

    The axle load of a wheeled vehicle is the total weight bearing on the roadway for all wheels connected to a given axle.Axle load is an important design consideration in the engineering of roadways and railways, as both are designed to tolerate a maximum weight-per-axle (axle load); exceeding the maximum rated axle load will cause damage to the roadway or railway tracks.

  6. Axle track - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axle_track

    Axle track. In automobiles (and other wheeled vehicles which have two wheels on an axle ), the axle track is the distance between the hub flanges on an axle. [ 1] Wheel track, track width or simply track refers to the distance between the centerline of two wheels on the same axle. In the case of an axle with dual wheels, the centerline of the ...

  7. Differential (mechanical device) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_(mechanical...

    Contents. Differential (mechanical device) A differential is a gear train with three drive shafts that has the property that the rotational speed of one shaft is the average of the speeds of the others. A common use of differentials is in motor vehicles, to allow the wheels at each end of a drive axle to rotate at different speeds while cornering.

  8. Wheelbase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelbase

    In both road and rail vehicles, the wheelbase is the horizontal distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels. For road vehicles with more than two axles (e.g. some trucks), the wheelbase is the distance between the steering (front) axle and the centerpoint of the driving axle group. In the case of a tri-axle truck, the wheelbase ...

  9. Ackermann steering geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ackermann_steering_geometry

    Ackermann geometry. The Ackermann steering geometry is a geometric arrangement of linkages in the steering of a car or other vehicle designed to solve the problem of wheels on the inside and outside of a turn needing to trace out circles of different radii . It was invented by the German carriage builder Georg Lankensperger in Munich in 1816 ...