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7,12-Dimethylbenz [a]anthracene ( DMBA) is an immunosuppressor and a powerful organ-specific laboratory carcinogen. [2] DMBA is widely used in many research laboratories studying cancer. DMBA serves as a tumor initiator. Tumor promotion can be induced with treatments of 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in some models of two-stage ...
The mass-to-charge ratio ( m / Q) is a physical quantity relating the mass (quantity of matter) and the electric charge of a given particle, expressed in units of kilograms per coulomb (kg/C). It is most widely used in the electrodynamics of charged particles, e.g. in electron optics and ion optics .
Partial charge. In atomic physics, a partial charge (or net atomic charge) is a non- integer charge value when measured in elementary charge units. It is represented by the Greek lowercase delta (šæ), namely šæā or šæ+. Partial charges are created due to the asymmetric distribution of electrons in chemical bonds.
Photocathode. A photocathode is a surface engineered to convert light ( photons) into electrons using the photoelectric effect. Photocathodes are important in accelerator physics where they are utilised in a photoinjector to generate high brightness electron beams.
Negative hyperconjugation is a theorized phenomenon in organosilicon compounds, in which hyperconjugation stabilizes or destabilizes certain accumulations of positive charge. The phenomenon explains corresponding peculiarities in the stereochemistry and rate of hydrolysis. Second-row elements generally stabilize adjacent carbanions more ...
Zbigniew Brzezinski, former National Security Adviser to President Carter, agrees with the main thesis of the book: President Carter, in my judgement, is correct in fearing that the absence of a fair and mutually acceptable resolution of the IsraeliāPalestinian conflict is likely to produce a situation which de facto will resemble apartheid ...
Method of image charges. The method of image charges (also known as the method of images and method of mirror charges) is a basic problem-solving tool in electrostatics. The name originates from the replacement of certain elements in the original layout with imaginary charges, which replicates the boundary conditions of the problem (see ...
A surface charge is an electric charge present on a two-dimensional surface. These electric charges are constrained on this 2-D surface, and surface charge density, measured in coulombs per square meter (Cā¢m ā2 ), is used to describe the charge distribution on the surface. The electric potential is continuous across a surface charge and the ...