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The real part (red) and imaginary part (blue) of the Riemann zeta function along the critical line Re(s) = 1/2. The first non-trivial zeros can be seen at Im(s) = ±14.135, ±21.022 and ±25.011. Animation showing the Riemann zeta function along the critical line. Zeta(1/2 + I y) for y ranging from 1000 to 1005.
Unit fractions can also be expressed using negative exponents, as in 2 −1, which represents 1/2, and 2 −2, which represents 1/(2 2) or 1/4. A dyadic fraction is a common fraction in which the denominator is a power of two, e.g. 1 / 8 = 1 / 2 3 . In Unicode, precomposed fraction characters are in the Number Forms block.
It is known that ζ(3) is irrational (Apéry's theorem) and that infinitely many of the numbers ζ(2n + 1) : n ∈ , are irrational. [1] There are also results on the irrationality of values of the Riemann zeta function at the elements of certain subsets of the positive odd integers; for example, at least one of ζ (5), ζ (7), ζ (9), or ζ ...
From top to bottom: x 1/8, x 1/4, x 1/2, x 1, x 2, x 4, x 8. If x is a nonnegative real number, and n is a positive integer, / or denotes the unique positive real n th root of x, that is, the unique positive real number y such that =.
Geometric series. The geometric series 1/4 + 1/16 + 1/64 + 1/256 + ... shown as areas of purple squares. Each of the purple squares has 1/4 of the area of the next larger square (1/2× 1/2 = 1/4, 1/4×1/4 = 1/16, etc.). The sum of the areas of the purple squares is one third of the area of the large square. Another geometric series (coefficient ...
Division by zero. The reciprocal function y = 1 x. As x approaches zero from the right, y tends to positive infinity. As x approaches zero from the left, y tends to negative infinity. In mathematics, division by zero, division where the divisor (denominator) is zero, is a unique and problematic special case.
Individuals for which the same situation applies for their 1024 ancestors of ten generations ago would have a coefficient of r = 2 −10 = 0.1%. If follows that the value of r can be given to an accuracy of a few percent if the family tree of both individuals is known for a depth of five generations, and to an accuracy of a tenth of a percent ...
If a complete n-dimensional Riemannian manifold has nonnegative Ricci curvature and a straight line (i.e. a geodesic that minimizes distance on each interval) then it is isometric to a direct product of the real line and a complete (n-1)-dimensional Riemannian manifold that has nonnegative Ricci curvature. Bishop–Gromov inequality.