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The cranial nerve exam is a type of neurological examination. It is used to identify problems with the cranial nerves by physical examination. It has nine components. Each test is designed to assess the status of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves (I-XII). These components correspond to testing the sense of smell (I), visual fields and ...
The glossopharyngeal nerve ( / ˌɡlɒsoʊfəˈrɪn ( d) ʒiəl, - ˌfærənˈdʒiːəl / [1] ), also known as the ninth cranial nerve, cranial nerve IX, or simply CN IX, [2] is a cranial nerve that exits the brainstem from the sides of the upper medulla, just anterior (closer to the nose) to the vagus nerve. Being a mixed nerve (sensorimotor ...
A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired. This typically includes a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history, [1] but not deeper investigation such as neuroimaging. It can be used both as a screening tool ...
Pons. Three Parts: V 1 ( ophthalmic nerve) is located in the superior orbital fissure V 2 ( maxillary nerve) is located in the foramen rotundum. V 3 ( mandibular nerve) is located in the foramen ovale . Receives sensation from the face, mouth and nasal cavity, and innervates the muscles of mastication . VI.
The accessory nerve emerges from the medulla of the brainstem, and is visible at the bottom of the image in blue. The accessory nerve, also known as the eleventh cranial nerve, cranial nerve XI, or simply CN XI, is a cranial nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. It is classified as the eleventh of twelve pairs of ...
e. Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem ), of which there are conventionally considered twelve pairs. Cranial nerves relay information between the brain and parts of the body, primarily to and from regions of the head and neck, including the special senses of vision, taste, smell, and hearing.
Jaw jerk reflex. The jaw jerk reflex or the masseter reflex is a stretch reflex used to test the status of a patient's trigeminal nerve ( cranial nerve V) and to help distinguish an upper cervical cord compression from lesions that are above the foramen magnum. [1] [2] The mandible —or lower jaw—is tapped at a downward angle just below the ...
Dysarthria is a speech sound disorder resulting from neurological injury of the motor component of the motor–speech system [1] and is characterized by poor articulation of phonemes. [2] In other words, it is a condition in which problems effectively occur with the muscles that help produce speech, often making it very difficult to pronounce ...