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The partial sums of the series 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + ⋯ are 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, etc.The nth partial sum is given by a simple formula: = = (+). This equation was known ...
In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge. For example, some elementary particles, like the electron or quarks are charged. [1] Some composite particles like protons are charged particles. An ion, such as a molecule or atom with a surplus or deficit of electrons relative to protons are also charged particles.
Since 2 × (−3) = −6, the product (−2) × (−3) must equal 6. These rules lead to another (equivalent) rule—the sign of any product a × b depends on the sign of a as follows: if a is positive, then the sign of a × b is the same as the sign of b, and; if a is negative, then the sign of a × b is the opposite of the sign of b.
t. e. Alpha decay or α-decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle ( helium nucleus) and thereby transforms or "decays" into a different atomic nucleus, with a mass number that is reduced by four and an atomic number that is reduced by two. An alpha particle is identical to the nucleus of a helium-4 ...
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is a chemical reaction between a 1,3-dipole and a dipolarophile to form a five-membered ring. The earliest 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions were described in the late 19th century to the early 20th century, following the discovery of 1,3-dipoles. Mechanistic investigation and synthetic application were established in the ...
e. The triboelectric effect (also known as triboelectricity, triboelectric charging, triboelectrification, or tribocharging) describes electric charge transfer between two objects when they contact or slide against each other. It can occur with different materials, such as the sole of a shoe on a carpet, or between two pieces of the same material.
Charge quantization is the principle that the charge of any object is an integer multiple of the elementary charge. Thus, an object's charge can be exactly 0 e, or exactly 1 e, −1 e, 2 e, etc., but not 1 / 2 e, or −3.8 e, etc. (There may be exceptions to this statement, depending on how "object" is defined; see below.)
Zeros of the Riemann zeta except negative even integers are called "nontrivial zeros". The Riemann hypothesis states that the real part of every nontrivial zero must be 1 / 2 . In other words, all known nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta are of the form z = 1 / 2 + yi where y is a real number.