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In animals, including humans, the startle response is a largely unconscious defensive response to sudden or threatening stimuli, such as sudden noise or sharp movement, and is associated with negative affect. [1] Usually the onset of the startle response is a startle reflex reaction. The startle reflex is a brainstem reflectory reaction (reflex ...
The contraction of the stapedius muscle occurs bilaterally in normal ears, no matter which ear was exposed to the loud sound stimulation. [ 8 ] The prevalence of bilateral acoustic reflexes in persons 18–30 years old is 85.3% (82.9%, 87.4%) 95th percentile confidence interval N = 3280 and in all persons 74.6% (73.2%, 75.9%) N = 15,106.
An auditory hallucination, or paracusia, [1] is a form of hallucination that involves perceiving sounds without auditory stimulus. While experiencing an auditory hallucination, the affected person hears a sound or sounds that did not come from the natural environment. A common form of auditory hallucination involves hearing one or more voices ...
Absolute threshold of hearing. The absolute threshold of hearing ( ATH ), also known as the absolute hearing threshold or auditory threshold, is the minimum sound level of a pure tone that an average human ear with normal hearing can hear with no other sound present. The absolute threshold relates to the sound that can just be heard by the ...
D006320. A hearing test provides an evaluation of the sensitivity of a person's sense of hearing and is most often performed by an audiologist using an audiometer. An audiometer is used to determine a person's hearing sensitivity at different frequencies. There are other hearing tests as well, e.g., Weber test and Rinne test .
Profound unilateral hearing loss is a specific type of hearing loss when one ear has no functional hearing ability (91 dB or greater hearing loss). People with profound unilateral hearing loss can only hear in monaural (mono). Profound unilateral hearing loss or single-sided deafness, SSD, makes hearing comprehension very difficult.
Sensorineural hearing loss ( SNHL) is a type of hearing loss in which the root cause lies in the inner ear, sensory organ ( cochlea and associated structures), or the vestibulocochlear nerve ( cranial nerve VIII). SNHL accounts for about 90% of reported hearing loss. [citation needed] SNHL is usually permanent and can be mild, moderate, severe ...
A perforated eardrum ( tympanic membrane perforation) is a prick in the eardrum. It can be caused by infection ( otitis media ), trauma, overpressure (loud noise ), inappropriate ear clearing, and changes in middle ear pressure. An otoscope can be used to view the eardrum to diagnose a perforation. Perforations may heal naturally or require ...