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Positive airway pressure ( PAP) is a mode of respiratory ventilation used in the treatment of sleep apnea. PAP ventilation is also commonly used for those who are critically ill in hospital with respiratory failure, in newborn infants ( neonates ), and for the prevention and treatment of atelectasis in patients with difficulty taking deep breaths.
A full face mask over the mouth and nose is another approach for people who breathe out of their mouths when they sleep. [13] Often, oral masks and naso-oral masks are used when nasal congestion or obstruction is an issue. [medical citation needed] There are also devices that combine nasal pressure with mandibular advancement devices (MAD).
Sleep apnea is a sleep-related breathing disorder in which repetitive pauses in breathing, periods of shallow breathing, or collapse of the upper airway during sleep results in poor ventilation and sleep disruption. [10] [11] Each pause in breathing can last for a few seconds to a few minutes and occurs many times a night. [1]
Obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder and is characterized by recurrent episodes of complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway leading to reduced or absent breathing during sleep. These episodes are termed "apneas" with complete or near-complete cessation of breathing, or "hypopneas" when ...
Colin Sullivan AO FAA is an Australian physician, professor, [1] and inventor known for his invention of the nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine for the treatment of sleep apnea . Sullivan began studying sleep apnea in the late 1970s. In 1981 he published a design for the first CPAP machine in The Lancet.
Non-invasive ventilation ( NIV) is the use of breathing support administered through a face mask, nasal mask, or a helmet. Air, usually with added oxygen, is given through the mask under positive pressure; generally the amount of pressure is alternated depending on whether someone is breathing in or out. It is termed "non-invasive" because it ...