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Positive airway pressure ( PAP) is a mode of respiratory ventilation used in the treatment of sleep apnea. PAP ventilation is also commonly used for those who are critically ill in hospital with respiratory failure, in newborn infants ( neonates ), and for the prevention and treatment of atelectasis in patients with difficulty taking deep breaths.
Obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder and is characterized by recurrent episodes of complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway leading to reduced or absent breathing during sleep. These episodes are termed "apneas" with complete or near-complete cessation of breathing, or "hypopneas" when ...
Sleep apnea is a sleep-related breathing disorder in which repetitive pauses in breathing, periods of shallow breathing, or collapse of the upper airway during sleep results in poor ventilation and sleep disruption. [ 10][ 11] Each pause in breathing can last for a few seconds to a few minutes and occurs many times a night. [ 1]
Continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP) is a form of positive airway pressure (PAP) ventilation in which a constant level of pressure greater than atmospheric pressure is continuously applied to the upper respiratory tract of a person. The application of positive pressure may be intended to prevent upper airway collapse, as occurs in ...
Non-invasive ventilation ( NIV) is the use of breathing support administered through a face mask, nasal mask, or a helmet. Air, usually with added oxygen, is given through the mask under positive pressure; generally the amount of pressure is alternated depending on whether someone is breathing in or out. It is termed "non-invasive" because it ...
West is the lead author of a new study recently published in the journal BMJ Public Health that found that getting between 7 and 9 hours of sleep each night was optimal for brain health. The ...