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Electric charge is a conserved property: the net charge of an isolated system, the quantity of positive charge minus the amount of negative charge, cannot change. Electric charge is carried by subatomic particles. In ordinary matter, negative charge is carried by electrons, and positive charge is carried by the protons in the nuclei of atoms.
A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol. p. , H +, or 1 H + with a positive electric charge of +1 e ( elementary charge ). Its mass is slightly less than the mass of a neutron and 1836 times the mass of an electron (the proton-to-electron mass ratio ). Protons and neutrons, each with a mass of approximately one atomic mass unit, are ...
Electrostatics is a branch of physics that studies slow-moving or stationary electric charges . Since classical times, it has been known that some materials, such as amber, attract lightweight particles after rubbing. The Greek word for amber, ἤλεκτρον ( ḗlektron ), was thus the source of the word electricity.
Two charges are present with a negative charge in the middle (red shade), and a positive charge at the ends (blue shade). In chemistry , polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment , with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.
An ion ( / ˈaɪ.ɒn, - ən /) [1] is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention. The net charge of an ion is not zero because its total number of electrons ...
Protons have a positive electric charge and neutrons have no charge, so the nucleus is positively charged. The electrons are negatively charged, and this opposing charge is what binds them to the nucleus. If the numbers of protons and electrons are equal, as they normally are, then the atom is electrically neutral as a whole.
Ionization (or ionisation specifically in Britain, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand) is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. The resulting electrically charged atom or molecule is called an ion.
e−. , or. β−. in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge. [13] Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, [14] and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure. [1]