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Pioneer 11 (also known as Pioneer G) is a NASA robotic space probe launched on April 5, 1973, to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter and Saturn, the solar wind, and cosmic rays. [2] It was the first probe to encounter Saturn, the second to fly through the asteroid belt, and the second to fly by Jupiter.
The plaque attached to Pioneer 10. The Pioneer plaques are a pair of gold - anodized aluminum plaques that were placed on board the 1972 Pioneer 10 and 1973 Pioneer 11 spacecraft, featuring a pictorial message, in case either Pioneer 10 or 11 is intercepted by intelligent extraterrestrial life. The plaques show the nude figures of a human male ...
Pioneer 11 →. Pioneer 10 (originally designated Pioneer F) is a NASA space probe launched in 1972 that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter. [ 6] Pioneer 10 became the first of five planetary probes and 11 artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity needed to leave the Solar System.
The Pioneer programs were two series of United States lunar and planetary space probes exploration. The first program, which ran from 1958 to 1960, unsuccessfully attempted to send spacecraft to orbit the Moon, successfully sent one spacecraft to fly by the Moon, and successfully sent one spacecraft to investigate interplanetary space between the orbits of Earth and Venus.
It overtook Pioneer 11 in 1981, [11] and then Pioneer 10—becoming the probe farthest from the Sun—on February 17, 1998. [12] Voyager 2 is moving faster than all other probes launched before it; it overtook Pioneer 11 in the late 1980s and then Pioneer 10 — becoming the second-farthest spacecraft from the Sun — on July 18, 2023. [13] [14]
Pioneer 11 · Jupiter · Io · Europa · Ganymede · Callisto Pioneer 10 was the first spacecraft to visit Jupiter. The first spacecraft to explore Jupiter was Pioneer 10, which flew past the planet in December 1973, followed by Pioneer 11 twelve months later.
A total of nine spacecraft have been launched on missions that involve visits to the outer planets; all nine missions involve encounters with Jupiter, with four spacecraft also visiting Saturn. One spacecraft, Voyager 2, also visited Uranus and Neptune. The nine missions include two, Ulysses and New Horizons, whose primary objectives were not ...
Voyager 2 Artist's rendering of the Voyager spacecraft design Mission type Planetary exploration Operator NASA / JPL COSPAR ID 1977-076A SATCAT no. 10271 Website voyager.jpl.nasa.gov Mission duration 46 years, 11 months, 21 days elapsed Planetary mission: 12 years, 1 month, 12 days Interstellar mission: 34 years, 10 months, 9 days elapsed Spacecraft properties Manufacturer Jet Propulsion ...