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Peroxide. In chemistry, peroxides are a group of compounds with the structure R−O−O−R, where the R's represent a radical (a portion of a complete molecule; not necessarily a free radical [1]) and O's are single oxygen atoms. [2] [3] Oxygen atoms are joined to each other and to adjacent elements through single covalent bonds, denoted by ...
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H 2 O 2.In its pure form, it is a very pale blue [5] liquid that is slightly more viscous than water.It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use and in higher concentrations for industrial use.
Morris Selig Kharasch (August 24, 1895 – October 9, 1957) was a pioneering organic chemist best known for his work with free radical additions and polymerizations. He defined the peroxide effect, explaining how an anti-Markovnikov orientation could be achieved via free radical addition. [1] Kharasch was born in the Russian Empire in 1895 and ...
Common oxidizing agents are oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and the halogens. In one sense, an oxidizing agent is a chemical species that undergoes a chemical reaction in which it gains one or more electrons. In that sense, it is one component in an oxidation–reduction (redox) reaction. In the second sense, an oxidizing agent is a chemical species ...
Lipid peroxidation, or lipid oxidation, is a complex chemical process that leads to oxidative degradation of lipids, [1] resulting in the formation of peroxide and hydroperoxide derivatives. [2] It occurs when free radicals, specifically reactive oxygen species (ROS), interact with lipids within cell membranes, typically polyunsaturated fatty ...
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. [1] Disturbances in the normal redox state of cells can cause toxic effects through the production of peroxides and free radicals ...
Elephant toothpaste reaction. Devil’s toothpaste is a foamy substance caused by the rapid decomposition of hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2) using potassium iodide (KI) or yeast and warm water as a catalyst. [1] How rapidly the reaction proceeds will depend on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. [2] [3] [4]
Organic peroxides. In organic chemistry, organic peroxides are organic compounds containing the peroxide functional group ( R−O−O−R′ ). If the R′ is hydrogen, the compounds are called hydroperoxides, which are discussed in that article. The O−O bond of peroxides easily breaks, producing free radicals of the form RO• (the dot ...