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Types of peroxides, from top to bottom: peroxide ion, organic peroxide, organic hydroperoxide, peracid. The peroxide group is marked in blue. R, R 1 and R 2 mark hydrocarbon moieties. The most common peroxide is hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), colloquially known simply as "peroxide". It is marketed as solutions in water at various concentrations.
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H 2 O 2.In its pure form, it is a very pale blue [5] liquid that is slightly more viscous than water.It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use and in higher concentrations for industrial use.
Hydroperoxide. Hydroperoxides or peroxols are compounds of the form ROOH, where R stands for any group, typically organic, which contain the hydroperoxy functional group ( −OOH ). Hydroperoxide also refers to the hydroperoxide anion ( −OOH) and its salts, and the neutral hydroperoxyl radical (•OOH) consist of an unbond hydroperoxy group.
Peroxynitrite. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Peroxynitrite (sometimes called peroxonitrite) is an ion with the formula ONOO −. It is a structural isomer of nitrate, NO−.
The peroxide ion is composed of two oxygen atoms that are linked by a single bond. The molecular orbital diagram of the peroxide dianion predicts a doubly occupied antibonding π* orbital and a bond order of 1.
In chemistry, a superoxide is a compound that contains the superoxide ion, which has the chemical formula O− 2. [1] The systematic name of the anion is dioxide (1−). The reactive oxygen ion superoxide is particularly important as the product of the one-electron reduction of dioxygen O2, which occurs widely in nature. [2]
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species ( ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen ( O2 ), water, and hydrogen peroxide. Some prominent ROS are hydroperoxide (O 2 H), superoxide (O 2- ), [1] hydroxyl radical (OH. ), and singlet oxygen. [2] ROS are pervasive because they are readily produced from O 2, which is ...
Common oxidizing agents are oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and the halogens. In one sense, an oxidizing agent is a chemical species that undergoes a chemical reaction in which it gains one or more electrons. In that sense, it is one component in an oxidation–reduction (redox) reaction. In the second sense, an oxidizing agent is a chemical species ...