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Electric charge (symbol q, sometimes Q) is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. Electric charge can be positive or negative. Like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. An object with no net charge is referred to as electrically neutral.
In physics, screening is the damping of electric fields caused by the presence of mobile charge carriers. It is an important part of the behavior of charge-carrying fluids, such as ionized gases (classical plasmas ), electrolytes, and charge carriers in electronic conductors ( semiconductors, metals ). In a fluid, with a given permittivity ε ...
Plot of ion current against voltage for a conceptual wire cylinder gaseous radiation detector. Ion chambers use the lowest voltage plateau. A gas ionization chamber measures the charge from the number of ion pairs created within a gas caused by incident radiation. It consists of a gas-filled chamber with two electrodes; known as anode and cathode.
Atmospheric electricity describes the electrical charges in the Earth's atmosphere (or that of another planet ). The movement of charge between the Earth's surface, the atmosphere, and the ionosphere is known as the global atmospheric electrical circuit. Atmospheric electricity is an interdisciplinary topic with a long history, involving ...
Origin. When charged particles move in electric and magnetic fields the following two laws apply: Lorentz force law: = (+),; Newton's second law of motion: = =; where F is the force applied to the ion, m is the mass of the particle, a is the acceleration, Q is the electric charge, E is the electric field, and v × B is the cross product of the ion's velocity and the magnetic flux density.
The more concentrated the solution, the closer these negative ions are to the positive ion and thus the greater the resistance experienced by the positive ion. This influence on the speed of an ion is known as the "Asymmetry effect" because the ionic atmosphere moving around the ion is not symmetrical; the charge density behind is greater than ...
The elementary charge e, i.e. the negative charge on a single electron or the positive charge on a single proton: 10 −18: atto-(aC) ~ 1.8755 × 10 −18 C: Planck charge: 10 −17: 1.473 × 10 −17 C (92 e) – Positive charge on a uranium nucleus (derived: 92 x 1.602 × 10 −19 C) 10 −16: 1.344 × 10 −16 C: Charge on a dust particle in ...
In nuclear and materials physics, stopping power is the retarding force acting on charged particles, typically alpha and beta particles, due to interaction with matter, resulting in loss of particle kinetic energy. [1] [2] Stopping power is also interpreted as the rate at which a material absorbs the kinetic energy of a charged particle.