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In mathematics, Niven's theorem, named after Ivan Niven, states that the only rational values of θ in the interval 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90° for which the sine of θ degrees is also a rational number are: [1] In radians, one would require that 0 ≤ x ≤ π /2, that x / π be rational, and that sin x be rational. The conclusion is then that the ...
The Erdős–Anning theorem states that a set of points with integer distances must either be finite or lie on a single line. [1] However, there are other infinite sets of points with rational distances. For instance, on the unit circle, let S be the set of points. where is restricted to values that cause to be a rational number.
In mathematics, a rational number is a number that can be expressed as the quotient or fraction of two integers, a numerator p and a non-zero denominator q. [1] For example, is a rational number, as is every integer (e.g., ). The set of all rational numbers, also referred to as " the rationals ", [2] the field of rationals [3] or the field of ...
Charge number. Charge number ( z) refers to a quantized value of electric charge, with the quantum of electric charge being the elementary charge, so that the charge number equals the electric charge ( q) in coulombs divided by the elementary-charge constant ( e ), or z = q / e. The charge numbers for ions (and also subatomic particles) are ...
t. e. Number theory (or arithmetic or higher arithmetic in older usage) is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic functions. German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) said, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences—and number theory is the queen of mathematics." [1]
Negative number. This thermometer is indicating a negative Fahrenheit temperature (−4 °F). In mathematics, a negative number represents an opposite. [1] In the real number system, a negative number is a number that is less than zero. Negative numbers are often used to represent the magnitude of a loss or deficiency.
A real number is a constructible number if there is a method to construct a line segment of length using a compass and straightedge, beginning with a fixed line segment of length 1. Each positive integer, and each positive rational number, is constructible. The positive square root of 2 is constructible. However, the cube root of 2 is not ...
Rational point. In number theory and algebraic geometry, a rational point of an algebraic variety is a point whose coordinates belong to a given field. If the field is not mentioned, the field of rational numbers is generally understood. If the field is the field of real numbers, a rational point is more commonly called a real point.