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Tower of Hanoi. The Tower of Hanoi (also called The problem of Benares Temple [1] or Tower of Brahma or Lucas' Tower [2] and sometimes pluralized as Towers, or simply pyramid puzzle [3]) is a mathematical game or puzzle consisting of three rods and a number of disks of various diameters, which can slide onto any rod.
The two solutions with the vertical axis denoting time, s the start, f the finish and T the torch. The bridge and torch problem (also known as The Midnight Train [1] and Dangerous crossing [2]) is a logic puzzle that deals with four people, a bridge and a torch. It is in the category of river crossing puzzles, where a number of objects must ...
The Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever is a logic puzzle so called by American philosopher and logician George Boolos and published in The Harvard Review of Philosophy in 1996. [1] [2] Boolos' article includes multiple ways of solving the problem. A translation in Italian was published earlier in the newspaper La Repubblica, under the title L ...
The assignment problem is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem. In its most general form, the problem is as follows: The problem instance has a number of agents and a number of tasks. Any agent can be assigned to perform any task, incurring some cost that may vary depending on the agent-task assignment.
Definition. The most common problem being solved is the 0-1 knapsack problem, which restricts the number of copies of each kind of item to zero or one. Given a set of items numbered from 1 up to , each with a weight and a value , along with a maximum weight capacity , subject to and . Here represents the number of instances of item to include ...
The Wason selection task (or four-card problem) is a logic puzzle devised by Peter Cathcart Wason in 1966. [ 1][ 2][ 3] It is one of the most famous tasks in the study of deductive reasoning. [ 4] An example of the puzzle is: You are shown a set of four cards placed on a table, each of which has a number on one side and a color on the other.
Monty Hall problem. In search of a new car, the player chooses a door, say 1. The game host then opens one of the other doors, say 3, to reveal a goat and offers to let the player switch from door 1 to door 2. The Monty Hall problem is a brain teaser, in the form of a probability puzzle, based nominally on the American television game show Let ...
Josephus problem. In computer science and mathematics, the Josephus problem (or Josephus permutation) is a theoretical problem related to a certain counting-out game. Such games are used to pick out a person from a group, e.g. eeny, meeny, miny, moe . A drawing for the Josephus problem sequence for 500 people and skipping value of 6.